Tower

The tower is widely used in chemical, petrochemical, oil processing and other industries to obtain various chemical products through:

- absorption,
- desorption,
- fractionation
and for other purposes.
Towers are equipped with various trays and packing depending on technological process, column temperature and pressure, ratio of gas and liquid loads, required product purity, susceptibility to polymerization etc.

There are the following tray designs:
- bubble-cap trays;
- straight-through valve trays;
- trapezoid valve trays etc.

State-of-the-art industrial fractionation is based on application of tray-type and packed towers.
The distance between trays of the tray-type tower is about 0.4…0.5 meters. Theoretically, the number of column trays shall comply with the number of theoretical separation stages. However, in practice, efficiency of tower trays does not exceed 50%. Thus, actual separation height of the tray-type tower is approximately two times higher than its theoretical value.
The packed chemical tower includes three main components - tower casing, packings and spraying device to distribute liquid along the end of packing inserted in the device. Stable operation of spaying devices determines the main parameters of a process implemented in the tower, namely: the rate of capture of raw product (gas) to be processed and final concentration of gas released into the atmosphere. Thus, it is very important to select and design proper scrubber sprayers when constructing new chemical plants and shops and upgrading available tower equipment.